Madura, from an administrative viewpoint, is a part of the Indonesian Province of East Java. Located of the eastern end of Java's north coast, this long, narrow island measures 160 km from east to west and 35 km north south, amounting to a total area of roughly 4,250 square kilometres. Madura is divided into four Regencies, or Kabupaten, which run consecutively from west to east, respectively Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. Beside the main land mass, however, there are 67 more small islands and islets, 66 of which lie to the east of Sumenep and are a part of that district, while one island belongs to Sampang.
The population of East Java stood at 31,708,003 at the end of May 1992. From this figure, the inhabitants of Madura accounted for 1,509,431 females and 1,367,763 males. Spread among the four Regencies the population figures are as follows:
SUMENEP : 914, 053
BANGKALAN : 717, 600
PAMEKASAN : 624, 592
SAMPANG : 620, 949
Until the end of the 1970's one could say that the Madurese led a hard, uncertain existence whether their livelihood was sought through farming, fishing or business In the last few years, however, technological progress has brought about increased living standards, improved roads, waterworks, electricity, land and sea travel, as well as communication in general. The result is an economy that stands at a higher level than it did 20 years ago.
Cultural forms in Madura are generally speaking similar to those of Java and, looked at from a wider viewpoint, belong to the Java - Bali - Madura - Sunda family. Madurese culture, however, has its own shades and tones, undoubtedly conditioned in part by the harsh landscape and climate. Immediately apparent are the differences in language and mental attitude between the Madurese and, say, the Javanese. The people of Madura are well known for their straightforwardness and direct approach, particularly evident in their manner of speech. Often considered rough and un-refined by outsiders, a different picture emerges as soon as one goes a little deeper. It might be fairer to say that the Madurese are hot-blooded and quick to excite.
During this period of development, Madura's contribution towards the national economy is growing and diversifying. Besides the traditional farming sector, natural resources such as oil and natural gas are beginning to be exploited. No less tourism. With an infrastructure now deemed capable of handling numbers of visitors, it can be expected that the flow of tourists into Madura should increase rapidly in the near future
If, in the past, people tended to avoid Madura as a place to visit, then it was because of a lack of facilities. But now conditions are different and good roads run the whole away along the length of the island. Reasonable accommodation, too, can be found in all the major towns. In short, Madura is prepared for tourism and is now looking towards improving super structural aspects, in the form of hotels, restaurants, terminals, shopping centres etc.
BANGKALAN
Madura Island is part of East Java that needs a better access. Madura that consist of four regencies has a lot to offer. It has excellent quality of agriculture outputs and beautiful tourism objects and more. The presence of the bridge had expected to improve smoother flow of people, goods and service from and into this island. Mayor impacts had expected to emerge from this facility, be it socially and economically. The Suramadu Bridge that connects Surabaya and Madura Island has expected to complete in 2007, extending 5.43 km with 28.10 m width.
The sea crossing from East Java to the small island of Madura takes just half an hour. Measuring about 160 km in length and about 40 across at it s widest point, Madura support a population of close to 3 million inhabitants, most of whom are farmers or fisherman.
The most famous attraction of this island is the annual bull racing (kerapan sapi), which takes place during the dry season in August – September. These exiting and colourful tournaments consist of a race between two pairs of bulls, each team pulling a rider and sled. Then, the finals are held in Madura’s capital, Pamekasan on October.
The interesting part of this attraction is when a rider stands on the ‘Keleles’, yelling and slamming while his hands hold two sticks and slap the bull’s weight and attached to the bulls. A pair of male cow races each other in 200 m length or known with Kerapan Sapi. Madurese always hold this race yearly from sub district level, district, and finally to get a President Cup.
This tradition has done for so long and it is a symbol to thank to God by cow breeders in Madura. Brown cow, a Madurese cow which is always in the race, tourist also can notice Sapi Kereman, to enjoy how Madurese takes care of their cows. It is the interesting part, begins with how the Madurese graze the cows, take care of the cow’s health with traditional herbs and train the cow about running. In the middle of Kerapan Sapi, there is an additional attraction “Sapi Sono”. It is a female bull contest.
The town of Sumenep of the North Eastern and of the island has some interesting historical, as well as some good nearby. The city’s old palace and museum are worth visiting, as is the large Jami’ Mosque with its green-tiered roof, above the town is the royal mausoleums Asta Tinggi. The two main beaches near Sumenep are Slopeng beach and Lombang beach. The former, which lies on the north coast some 21 km from the town, is a beautiful location with tall palm trees shading the edge of the beach. At Lombang, on Madura’s northeastern point, a long and narrow stretch of white sand is back by dwarf Causarina trees.
A narrow road runs the whole along Madura’s attractive north coast, from Slopeng to Bangkalan. There are many small villages and quite beaches on the way, in particular the fishing communities of Pasongsongan and Pasean, where the estuaries have packed with colourful sailing boats. Near to Bangkalan there is Aermata tomb of Ratu Ibu, which dates back to the mind 17 century. The tomb set on a hill about 4 km inland the town of Arosbaya.
Madura has well known for its Batik Textile production and has its own unique style in the performing art; the island is famous for its Topeng Dalang, a mask dance / theatre, which at one time had only seen within the royal palace. Most popular Batik is at Tanjungbumi, Bangkalan.
Interesting Places :
Rongkang Beach : Rongkang beach is located in Kwanyar, 35 km south of Bangkalan city. Like Maneron beach, this beach condition is still experiencing, and requires the investor presence. The tourism potency is rock coast area along the length of 1 km more than its extent of hill that having height of 20 to 25 meters dpl, and have crop habitat that is “Jambu keluthu'” ( guava).
The beauty of this beach also shown the boats grass in Madura strait. If dusk arrived, seems to be pride shimmer light of town and ship lamps.
Sambilangan Beach : Sambilangan beach is located about 7 km in south side of Bangkalan city, in Sambilangan village, Bangkalan district. This beach also still seems to be experiencing, besides that, there is a “Lamp" (mercusuar) made 1879, opened by ZW Willem III the height is 90 meters. The tower is diffraction taken a ride, so that the tourists can enjoy the grass of fisherman boat and merchantman in Madura strait.
The beautiful of "sunset" can enjoyed with very transparent ashore this beach. The extent of mangrove forest and hundreds of hectare rice area orbiting ecosystem Sambilangan beach seems beautiful.
The Geger Hill Tourism : The Geger hill tourism is located in Geger village, Geger district, and 30 km southeast of the city. Reside in 150 to 200 meters dpl height. This location is easy to reach by public transportation. This object tourism is prospective to be developing as forest object tourism, have camping ground arena, athletic climbed bank.
Besides its nature beauty, this tourism objects has a sanctified statue and ancient omission. Area forest Acacia, Mahogany and teak forest with 42 ha width more. Five (5) fruit of keramat cave is having historical tools nuance that is; Petapan Cave, Adipodai cave, that is the father of the Madura legendaries figure, Jokotole alias Panembahan Secodiningrat III at XIII century, Potre Cave, the ex Potre Koneng cave, the wife of Adipodai, Pelanangan Cave, have the stalactite that like man genitals. It has said if drink the water that drops from this unique stalactite can add the man sexuality energy. Pancong Pote Cave, have the unique form of subterranean river, and its stalactite content and stalagmite colorful. Snake Cave, have its unique of giant stone alike snakehead. Have bank side in its north side and south, so that, it is ideal to made an athletic object of climbed bank.
Pangelengan Hollow, is bank hollow in the hill wall of north side. It is nicely, this hollow is extent of granite rock / onyx, so that it is very fit for rest place, and enjoy the beautiful of natural lake and extent of wide rice field in foothills.
Pelanggiran statue has reef hillock form. This is highest top from Geger hill. It has said, at 8 century ago, this Pelanggiran historical tools is place of landing of first person in Madura, namely Patih Pranggulang (Ki Poleng) and Dewi Ratna Roro Gung (Kuning Princess). In this historical area, the first Madura R Segara boy, was born from Dewi Ratna Roro Gung womb.
KH.Moch Cholil Grave : KH. Moh. Cholil grave is located in Martajasah village, Bangkalan district. The grave of great moslem in Wali Songo era is located 2 km from the downtown and adjacent with Sambilangan beach. The Kh. Moh. Cholil grave has visited by many pilgrimages from various regions. KH. Moh. Cholil has known as Waliullah and as the teacher of big saint in the nation, as the idea concept or forming of ‘Nahdatul Ulama’ and use his two pupils they are; KH. Hasyim Asyari (late), the grandfather of the fourth President of Indonesia namely KH. Abdurahman Wahid, and Kh. As'ad Syamsul Arifin (late), the founder of ‘Pondok Asem Bagus.
Bull Racing : One of attraction icon of Madura culture is Kerapan Sapi. The ox attraction is said come from the Sepudi Island, Sumenep regency. The founder of this bull racing is Katandur Prince at 13 century and round into hereditary tradition up to now. Frequent ox being competition is minimum have been age 2 years with body height 120 cm. Trajectory traveled distance being utilized at diligence of various ox that is:
¢ 120 m for bull racing of sub district level
¢ 130 m for bull racing of regency level
¢ 140 m for bull racing of district level
The bull-racing organizer has been schedule every year by Bakorwil VI Pamekasan. If the tourist interesting to show the bull racing own, they can order for the bull racing packet in regency tourism service in Bangkalan, Letnan Sunarto street 15.
The Ancient Museum : Ancient Museum is king Cakraningrat omission located in downtown precisely in Kraton sub-district, Bangkalan district. Museum, which saves the history objects and historical tools, is located in house complex on duty Father Bangkalan gouvernor. This Museum collects various valuable antique objects history such as; ancient canon, Gamelan, customhouse Madura’s miniature and others.
Traditional Artistry : Traditional artistry miscellaneous and custom ceremony as tourism potency, which have tilled and it is good to sell, such as:
= Moang Deny Dance
= Angklung Mask Dance
= Rokat Danc
= Rokat Dance
= Keraban Dance
= Fisherman Dance
= Buggy Dance
= Blandaran Dance
= Calibrated ' Month Dance
= Fisherman Dance
= Sholawat Prophet Dance
= Nyello ' Aeng Dance
= Reng Majangan Dance
= Hadrah Jidor Artistry
= Salaban ( Sandur Madura) Artistry in all (18) districts.
The traditional Artistry is still existed with new creation of local choreographers, which is active in dance galleries such as; Tarara dance gallery Bangkalan district and Larasati dance gallery in Burneh district.
Beside its dance traditional artistry, Bangkalan is rich with its custom that local member like still execute this ceremony in routine:
a. Traditional Ceremony Rokat Tase' in Sepulu district and Arosbaya district, that is ceremony ritual to request safety and benediction of sea from God.
b. Custom ceremony Jaran Kenca' in Socah district, that is expectation ceremony of guest at event of reception sunatan (circumcision) and marrying.
c. Custom ceremony Hong Bahhong in Geger district, that is ritual ceremony to refuse the danger or disaster / disease and other ugly influence.
d. Custom ceremony Topeng Patenteng in Modung district, that is ceremony ritual to request lowering of rain when length drought reach it fierceness.
e. Marrying custom ceremony Moang Sangkal in all (18) districts. This ritual ceremony implies application of divorce equipment in order not to have sin because the happening of nuptials a woman that preceding the woman sister which has not married.
f. Marrying custom ceremony, Ka' Okke in all districts.
SAMPANG
Sampang is one of Madura’s regency that has many kinds tourism object. Sampang is a tropical area, so that it is comfortable for the tourist to enjoy the tourism objects. There are many kinds of tourism objects in Sampang, such as; mandangin island tourism spot, Camplong beach, Madengan tomb, recreation of Klampis reservouir, Toroan waterfall, the ruin Raden Segoro, ruins of Pababaran. Those tourism objects, is become the main icon of Sampang regency.
Interesting Places :
Mandangin Island : It is in Mandangin Island, Sampang Subdistrict. The kind of tourism in Mandangin Island is Marine Tourism. It is about 5 miles from the district Capital. It can be reached by using traditional motorboat or motor sail boat on the calm water surface of Madura Strait, giving additional scenes toward the beauty of the under-water world with naked eyes where many varieties of colored fish and live corals in various forms are scattered. Their beauty is incomparable and we can dive or do other activities on that beach.
Camplong Beach : Camplong Tourist cottage and Beach are located in Dharma Camplong Village. Further east just 62 km from Bangkalan. Camplong beach is a good place to stop over on your journey in Madusa Island through south road. The Kind of tourism with many facilities given both children amusement places and accommodation in front of inn/cottage along the edge of the beach. Camplong fishing village with colorful sailing boat can be added into your tour. Camplong cottage in this area is recommended to stay at. The distance of the tourist cottage and Camplong Beach from the Regency Capital is about 8 km with roads in good condition. It is a very suitable place for transiting or resting because it is precisely located near the main street to Kamal-Sumenep. When you come to this resort you are able not only to rest but also to enjoy delicious Madurese ‘rujak’ easily found there. There are also provided with other facilities such as children amusement places and swimming pools.
Toroan Waterfal : "Toroan" Waterfall is the only waterfall in Madura and is a natural uniqueness where at the end of the river, under neat that has steeply sloping riverbank beautifully carved and the stream passes that sloping riverbank, though the height of the waterfall is not high, about 10 M. This waterfall is located in Ketapangdaya Village, Ketapang district. It is easy to get there because there are much public transportation is available and supported by the good condition of the road. The location from the district Capital is about 3 Km, while the distance from Regency Capital is about 43 Km. Accommodation means provided this tourist resort is a rest house that is now managed by the government of Sampang Second level Regency.
Recreation Of Klampis Reservoir : Klampis Reservoir is the only reservoir in Kramat village, Kedungdung district, Madura, with the background of steeply sloping mountain. It is easy to get there, because the road conditions are very good. Here we can go fishing, boating, or other activities such as climbing. For climbing, there is a beautiful steeply sloping mountain provided complete with a camping ground.
The Ruin Of Raden Segoro : The ruin of Raden Segoro/Nepa Monkey Forest is located in Nepa Village, Banyuates district. It is a natural tourism resort. It is relatively near the district, about 5 Km. But it is about 50 Km from The Regency City. However, there is a Segoro is highly respected. There are also stories about very great number of monkeys occupying the forest.
PAMEKASAN
Pamekasan regency lies between Sampang regency (southward) and Sumenep regency (eastward). Whereas, north side is restricted by the Java sea and south side by the Madura strait. Pamekasan is the Madura’s capital is just 33 km east of Sampang. Handmade Batik from thisregency has its own design among Madura’s batik. Take a visit to Proppo village to see batik making. Nature resource is located less than 600 meter from main road Sampang-Pamekasan.
Whereas, the natural resources potentials economically are very promising for us to be developed among other things: Plantation, Agriculture, Animals Husbandry, Sea and Fishery, Industry, Mining, Culture and Tourism Potentials.
Rich Pamekasan of natural tourism ,art and also culture. Industrial potency tourism of Pamekasan the following :
Bull Racing : Pamekasan is rich with its art and culture. Bull race is a reliable tourism, which brings many foreign and domestic tourists. It’s held in September until the beginning of November, finally at Madura Governor assistant level fighting for President Cup. Also it’s interspersed with cow race “Sonok”, which is preceded by Pecot Dance.
Talang Siring Beach : Talang Siring beach is located in Montok village, Larangan district, approximately 15 km from the regency capital. This tourism object is a place for a rest temporarily while enjoying waves and the waving coconut trees. It also has beautiful white sand and its waves are not too big, so it is safely to swim or surfing in this beach.
The activities that we can do at this beach are, sailing, fishing and swimming. In the south side of this beach there is a Buddha temple, about 750 m.
Jumiang Beach : With its typical landscape, waves dashing against the cliffs add to the beauty of the scene especially at morning. It’s located in Pademawu district, about 12 km south east of Pamekasan. This beach has a beautiful beach with sand and else where it has a high coral cliff on which shady trees grow. It is a nice place to rest and enjoy the scenery. This beach also closes to fisherman village and also as fishing area, because the waves not too big and the wind blows continually.
The Enternal Flame : This tourism object is located at Larangan Tokol village, Tlanakan district, about 4 km of Pamekasan city. It’s very beautiful especially during the night. This place has a big sulphur spring and has many natural flame sources that often are beneficial for national sport events. It is a hilly area with beautiful scenery and surrounded by a fertile fruit producing area.
This tourism object is ever used to flame the fire of PON that held in 10 November Surabaya stadiums. The west side of this place is a hot water pool, about 100 m by foot. The western of this place there is Ki Muko grave. It was said that his stick can make the beautiful fire by stuck to the ground.
Batu Ampar Pilgrimage : This tourism object is a pilgrimage object visited by many tourists out of Madura Island. It’s part of a series of Walisongo tour as form of vow of the poor farmers who have been successful. It’s located at Badung village, Proppo district, about 12 km from Pamekasan city.
Typical Dance Of Pamekasan :
1.Topeng getak dance : It’s a reflection of King Baladewa’s movement with strong character, stiff, open minded and straight in revealing every problem is identical Madurese character.
2. Rhonding dance : A unify of drama, movement, music art and a piece of joke illustrates a story of a man who pretending to be an obedient Dutch soldier but as a matter of fact opposing the Dutch government.
Plantation Potential :
1. Tobacco : The farmers are very familiar with this kind of plants. It has economic value because almost all farmers want to plant tobacco during the dry season. This main plantation can increase the living standard of the farmers. In 2000, the development of tobacco production reached 111,63 ton with 30,488 Ha area.
2. Herb-Chili : This plant is one of the plantation yields that grow in Pamekasan. It has restorative power particularly for beauty and health need by herb and medicine factories. The price is reasonable enough. The production capacity is very highest especially when the yell ripe. In Pamekasan the herb-chili production development in 2000 reached 217,90 ton.
Agriculture potential orange : Orange is an excellent commodity for most farmers in pamekasan because the planting is done on a large scale. Orange fruit from Pamekasan is well known for its sweet flavor, therefore the yirld of production is marketed is supermarkets of big cities like Jakarta and Surabaya and other cities.
Animal husbandri potential the brooding cow : One of the distinctive features in Madura Island is the specific race of Madurese cow. Raising cow has been performed with the effort of fattening up cow, the brooding system. This system makes high sell price. The cow raising effort has good prospect considering the increasing demand of beef cattle. Apart from meeting the local need, the cow marketing is also under-gone out of Madura e.g Surabaya, Jakarta and other cities. The cattle population development in 2000 reached 113,704 cattle.
Sea and fishery potentials :
1. SALT
Madura strait contains a good level of salinity, thus can produce enough salt for Pamekasan regency. The production capacity can be counted in every salt field cultivated by farmers. Each field extends to 2000 m, farmers can produce salt 7 ton every harvest. Until ap present there are many industry centers / factories, which manufacture iodized circulating in all of Indonesian regions.
2. SEAWEED
The water in Madura, mainly Pamekasan is a priceless gift for us because it’s great biological resources such as seaweed. It proves from the production, every 1-quintal seed is equal with 1-ton fresh seaweed. Seaweed production in Pamekasan reaches 500-ton wet or 75-ton dry seaweed every year. This commodity is very suitable for cosmetic, which up to now has been, go public to several foreign countries.
3. SMALL SEA FISH
Recently, the fishing of small sea fish has been intensified because of the high economic potential. It has been proved by met the export demand particularly to Japan. These small sea fish business areas are located at Pademawu, Larangan and Waru regency, which absorb hundreds of Laborforces.
Industry Potentials :
1. THE WRITING BATIK
The writing Batik is one of the Madurese handicrafts, in Pamekasan particularly. This handicraft always makes a good progress from year to year. The marketing can event meets the demand in and about out of the counry. In 2000, batik business units reached 931 units and were supported by 1771 labor forces and investment value amounting to Rp. 66.547.000. In batik centers the craftsmen can produce batik in various kinds, from bed cover, long cloth, sarong, dress, shirt, etc. As well as unbleached plain cloth material varies in accordance with the demand and need of the society from first-rate material, polisma, primissima to silk. The Madurese writing batik has superiority for having typical character unique.
2. MADURESE HERB
Beside the writing batik, minor industry sector having good prospect is Madurese herb. The presence of this product is inspired by Madurese skill in compounding herb consist of various kinds of herb plants grown in yards. This is done from generation to generation. They say most people truly believe and trust the extraordinary herb. Until now on, the orders for the herb always have been making significant progress.
3. PHOSPHATE STONE
One of the other significant nature potentials in Pamekasan is Phosphate stone content. It’s very suitable for fertilizer raw material Triple Super Phosphaten (TSP) and Double Super Phosphate and acid industry. In Pamekasan this mineral has spreading area 100m2 – 150m2 with backup volume 15m2 – 30m2 and 2m depth. This mineral can be found in the north region of Pamekasan regency.
SUMENEP
Bull Race : Bullrace is one of Madura's culture they like it very much. The beginning of the bullrace originated from the fact that Madura is not so fertile that is not good for agriculture, instead the Madurese cath fish and breed cows and bulls which are also used for farming especially to plough the fields where paddies or second crop plants are grown.
A man named Syeh Ahmad Baidawi who firstly introduced the weay of working the soil with using bamboo sled pulled by two bulls known as " Nanggala or Salaga ". He was actually a proselytizer who came to Madura to spread up Islam bul also touch Madurese the way of ploughing the fields. This is way he got tittle " Pangeran Katandur " ( Prince of Planter ).
The early purpose the bullrace held is to get strong bulls for ploughing. The Madurese take care of the bulls and compete them in ploughing their fields as soon as possible. In this way the idea of competing come into existence and then developed into organized sport called " BULLRACE ". The bullrace soon becomes routine activities carried of every year especially when harvest on the fields has finished.
Mowang Sangkal Dance : A special dance performed to welcome the guest. Mowing Sangkal derived from the two words " Mowang and Sangkal " . Mowang means throw away and Sangkal means unluckiness. This dance depicts the hope of Sumenep people in order they are avoided from disaster. Mowaing Sangkal dance is always played by odd people, it can be five, seven or nine. The traditional costum with strong color like red, yellow and black show its Sumenep characteristict.
Codhi' Sumekar Dance : Codhi' is a very small keris usually used as a tusuk konde of woman hair. in the past time it was also functioned as a dagger to defend from the enemy attack. Codhi' Sumekar dance is played by girl dancers. It describes ketangkasan of Sumenep women.
Visiting the tourism objects in Sumenep Regency one should begin from the City of Sumenep. The gate of Sumenep City as border to the town consist of two Gapura. The Gapura with a statue of flying horse stand on has been symbol of Sumenep.
About 500 meters to the south and turn right about 100 meters is a bus station named Arya Wiraraja. One can get off here and take a becak or go on foot to the center of city or to tourism objects like Mosque, Museum and Kraton.
Some tourism objects list on this city like Museum and Kraton (Palace) of Sumenep, Great Mosque, Asta Tinggi Cemetery. All of these are historical tourism objects as the remnants of Sumenep Royal Palace
From the City of Sumenep about 10 kilo meters on the eastern is Kalianget sub-district. Here one can see two tourism objects like Fort Sumenep and Kalianget Port.
Talango sub-district is on the Poteran island and it takes five menits to cross by machine boat from Port Kalianget. Crossing the sea from port kalianget to poteran island is enjoyable since one can see some fishermen and their boats are waiting for the passengers and the boats with passengers in are crossing the sea.
Saronggi is listed 5 kilometers southern Sumenep city.
It is popular of its traditional industry of making keris in Aengtongtong village
and its traditional ceremony called Nyadar in kebundadap village
Moreover still many tourist attractions that were other in Madura Island.
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